James, son of Alphaeus or Cleophas and Mary, lived in Galilee and was the brother of Apostle Jude. Often referred to as "the Younger" or "the Lesser," James made notable contributions to the development of early Christian theology. He wrote the Epistle of James, a letter addressing various ethical and moral issues faced by believers. James was not only a writer but also an active preacher, spreading the teachings of Jesus in Palestine and Egypt. He was martyred, possibly by being sawed into pieces or stoned to death. The saw became his apostolic symbol.
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